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연도별 음운론(형태론 포함) 기출 Items를 한 눈에~ 17
역대 음운론(형태론 포함) Sample Answers를 한 눈에~ 28

The Advanced Phonology
CHAPTER 1. Phonetics & Phonology 40
〖S.1〗 Phonetic & Phonological definition ※〖S.1〗= Section 1 40
{19.A.5} ※ { 년도. A/B형. 번호 }속은 기출정보임
〖S.2〗 Phonology: Distributions & Phoneme/Morpheme 43
[2.1] Distributions {12.31번} 43
[2.2] Phoneme/Morpheme 44
2.2.1. Phoneme & Allophone {15.A.7} {05.전국.21} 44
2.2.2. Morpheme & Allomorph {24.A.4} {20.B.3} 44
2.2.3. Allophone & Allomorph 45
〖S.3〗 Phonetics: Syllables and Suprasegmentals 46

CHAPTER 2. Features 48
〖S.1〗 Feature & Natural Class 48
〖S.2〗 Feature Types {23.A.2} {22.A.4} {22.B.4} {20.B.3} {18.A.5} 51

CHAPTER 3. Consonant Rules 62
〖S.1〗 Stop Rules 65
[1.1] Stop Types & VOT 65
[1.2] Voicing {18.A.5} 67
[1.3] Length(Lengthening) of Stops 67
[1.4] Aspiration {22.A.6} 68
[1.5] Nasal/ Lateral Plosion 69
[1.6] Release & Non-Release 70
[1.7] /t/-Deletion 71
[1.8] Glottal Stop & Glottalization {15.A.7} 71
[1.9] Laminalization / Palatalization {20.A.7} {12.33번} {07.전국.12} 72
[1.10] Velar Stop 73

〖S.2〗 Fricative Rules 75
[2.1] Fricative-related Voicing 75
[2.2] Length of Fricatives 75

〖S.3〗 Affricate Rules {20.A.4} 76
[3.1] Affricate-related Voicing 76
[3.2] Length of Affricates 76

〖S.4〗 Nasal Rules 78
[4.1] Long Closure of Nasals 78
[4.2] Nasal Assimilation {19.A.4} {10.30번} 78
[4.3] /ŋ/-Rule 78
4.3.1. Vlax + /ŋ/ 78
4.3.2. Orthographic ng의 발음규칙 78
[4.4] Syllabic Nasals {22.B.4} 79

〖S.5〗 Approximant Rules 82
[5.1] Approximants in onset clusters 82
[5.2] Liquids Vs. Nasals (on Syllabic condition) {22.B.4} 82
[5.3] Non-syllabic Lateral /l/ & ə-Inserion 82
[5.4] Deletion/Insertion of Approximants {18.B.1} {15. B.3} 82

CHAPTER 4. Vowel Rules 86
〖S.1〗 Frontness (Front/ Central/ Back) 87
[1.1] Front Vowels 87
1.1.1. High front vowels 87
1.1.2. Low front vowels 88
1.1.3. Mid front vowels 88
[1.2] Central Vowels 89
[1.3] Back Vowels {19. B.2} 90
1.3.1. Low back vowels & Vowel Lowering 90
1.3.2. High back vowels 91

〖S.2〗 Height (High/ Mid/ Low) {18. B.1} 93

〖S.3〗 Tenseness (Tense/ Lax) {19.A.5} {17.A.4} 95

〖S.4〗 Length (Longer/...) 97

〖S.5〗 Roundness (Rounded/ Unrounded) 98

〖S.6〗 Diphthong (.../Monophthong) {16.A.5} 99
[6.1] Diphthong의 특징 {20.A.4} 99
[6.2] Allophonic Rule of Diphthong /aɪ/ 100

〖S.7〗 Fullness (Full/Reduced) 101
[7.1] Full/Reduced Vowels 101
[7.2] Reduced Syllable and [ɪ] {17.A.3} 103

〖S.8〗 Vowels before a consonant 105
[8.1] Vowels before /ɹ/ 105
8.1.1. Neutralization {13.30번} 105
8.1.2. Vowel Lowering (/ɔ/ before /ɹ/ → ɑ ) 106
[8.2] Vowels before /1/ {19.B.2} 106

CHAPTER 5. Syllable Rules 107
〖S.1〗 Syllabification {16.A.5} {14.A.11} 109

〖S.2〗 Ambisyllabicity 113

〖S.3〗 Re-syllabification 115
[3.1] Re-syllabification 115
[3.2] Linking 117
[3.3] Structure of Sound Sequence & (Re)Syllabification {20. A.4} 117
[3.4] Syllable Simplification(Deletion) & Re-syllabification 119

〖S.4〗 Phonotactics {09.31} 121
[4.1] Sonority Sequencing Principle {23.A.6} {13.29번} 121
[4.2] Double Onset/Coda Rules {22.A.4} {18.A.5} {14.서.5} 122
[4.3] Triple Onset/Coda Rules 124

〖S.5〗 (Syllable-based) Allophonic Rules 125
[5.1] /t/-Deletion 125
[5.2] /j/-Deletion/Insertion {15.B.3} 126
[5.3] Glottalization {15.A.7} 126
[5.4] Vowel Lowering: /ɔ/ before /ɹ/ 128
[5.5] [ɪ] before x(consonant) 129

CHAPTER 6. Foot Rules 137
〖S.1〗 Foot/Mora Structure & Stress Rule {17. A.4} {23. B.4} 138

〖S.2〗 Foot-based (Allophonic) Rules {22. A.6} {21. A.6} 144

CHAPTER 7. Morpheme/Word/Phrase Rules 150
〖S.1〗 Morpho-phonemic Rules {21.B.4} 150
[1.1] Voicing Assimilation {21.A.6} 153
[1.2] Nasal (Place) Assimilation {10.30번} 154
[1.3] Nasal Labiodentalization 155

〖S.2〗 Rules on Morpheme/Word Boundaries {19.A.4} {09.34번} {08.전국.17} 156
[2.1] /ŋ/-Rule 156
[2.2] Re-syllabification After Affixation 157
[2.3] [o]-Monophthongization {21.B.4} 158
[2.4] Gemination {26.A.4} 159
[2.5] (Non-)Deletion & Morpheme/Word Boundaries 160

〖S.3〗 Word Stress Rules 164
[3.1] Non-Suffixed Word Stress Rule: Noun/Verb Stress Rule 164
[3.2] Suffixed Word Stress Rule: Suffix Stress Rule {14.5번} {16.A.6} {17.A.4} 167
[3.3] Secondary Stress 169
3.3.1. Secondary stress & Vowel Reduction 169
3.3.2. Secondary stress & Full/Reduced vowels 170
3.3.3. Secondary stress & (Un-)Stressed syllable 170

〖S.4〗 Phrase/Sentence Stress Rules 172
[4.1] Phrase or Compound Stress Rules 172
[4.2] Intonation Rules 176
4.2.1. Tonic Syllable & LLI Stress Rule 178
4.2.2. Intonation Patterns {12. 36번} 179

부록
형태론 기출문항 모음 186
Glossary of Phonology 209

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